When buying a property, there are several additional costs you pay as well as the home’s actual price. These can range from legal fees, surveyor fees, moving costs, and Stamp Duty. In this article, we discuss the UK's infamous Stamp Duty, exploring its definition, introduction, and evolution over the years.

What is Stamp Duty?

Stamp Duty is a tax you pay when buying land or a freehold or leasehold property over a certain value. The amount of Stamp Duty payable is determined by the price of the asset, how it will be utilised, and whether you own any other property. If you're a first-time buyer, you're currently exempt from paying Stamp Duty on your first property purchase for up to £425,000.

Why was Stamp Duty introduced?

In 1694, Stamp Duty was originally introduced to England as a transaction tax to raise money for the war against France. It first appeared on documents required to sell land, properties, and any other legal transactions. If documents did not have this ‘stamp’, they were not legally valid, which made sure everyone paid Stamp Duty. 

The money raised by Stamp Duty tax was used to fund goods throughout the war, such as newspapers, clothes, hats, patent medicines, and much more. This tax was originally intended to only last for four years, but since then, Stamp Duty has remained present in English society to current day.

Stamp Duty in the past

1765 - Stamp Duty was introduced to the British-American colonies. This tax began to rise, triggering the start of the American War of Independence.

1808 - Originally a fixed amount, Stamp Duty became introduced as a percentage of the value on transfers of properties, land, and shares of what was being transferred.

1950 - If you bought a property with a higher value of £30,000, you would only need to pay one percent of Stamp Duty.

1991 - Due to the major recession in 1991, Chancellor Nigel Lawson increased the Stamp Duty threshold to stimulate demand in the property market.

1992 - As demand grew, the rates were reverted to their original state (£30,000) in 1992. Over the years, the rates steadily increased, matching inflation and the rise in the cost of living.

1997 - In 1997, Chancellor Gordon Brown introduced two different bands of Stamp Duty tax: a lower and higher threshold. These responded and increased due to the rise in house prices.

2014 - Fast forward to the 2000s, when progressive charges were introduced. First-time buyers were announced to be exempt from Stamp Duty on properties up to £500,000.

2020 - A worldwide pandemic hit, and the UK government decided to introduce a Stamp Duty tax holiday to boost property purchases. This allowed all property purchases up to a limit of £500,000 to be Stamp Duty tax free.

Stamp Duty in the present

Currently, Stamp Duty is payable on all property purchases. The amount payable is all dependent on the value of the property. A property valued up to £250,000 has 0% Stamp Duty payable, as well as first-time buyers being able to buy a property with a value of up to £425,000 and pay 0% Stamp Duty.

If you purchase a property between £250,001 and £925,000, you will have to pay 5% Stamp Duty and if the property is valued between £925,001 and £1,500,000, you will pay 10% Stamp Duty. Finally, any property above £1,500,001 has 12% Stamp Duty payable.

Stamp Duty in the future

So, as you can see, Stamp Duty has been around for over 329 years! And it shows no sign of going away. With a change of election having occurred in July 2024, the future of Stamp Duty is most likely going to change. The main change that has been announced to occur under the new government is first-time buyer relief.

Currently, the first-time buyer relief is set at £425,000, but the new Labour government plans to reduce this to £300,000 in April 2025. Labour have also decided to introduce an extra 1% raise on Stamp Duty for non-UK residents, meaning the surcharge will increase to an extra 3% when they purchase a residential property in the UK.

The past of Stamp Duty

TheStandard*

StampDutyRates*

Napb*

The present of Stamp Duty

GovUK*

The future of Stamp Duty

TheNegotiator*

LimeProperty*

It should not be the case but sadly for many tenants, winter will be a bigger ordeal than it should be thanks to unscrupulous landlords. Feeling cosy in a nice home for winter is simply magical and very important. 

A good EPC rating

EPC certificates show how energy efficient a property is and are graded from A to G, with A being the most energy efficient and G the least. So, it’s in your interests to choose a property with a higher rating. It’s been a legal requirement since 2018 for rented properties in the UK to have a minimum energy rating of E. EPC recommendations can include improving floor insulation, replacing boilers, and fitting LED light bulbs. So, picking a property with a good EPC rating will insulate you from the winter months.

Inspect the property thoroughly 

Don’t underestimate yourself when it comes to carrying out a visual inspection of the property when you are viewing it. The property description will specify its features and EPC rating. But it’s comforting to check for yourself. So, take a look at the windows, the location of the boiler, and the condition of the appliances to get a feel for how well-insulated the property is. If the property appears and feels fresh and well-maintained, then chances are it is.

Ask the right questions

Good agents are a fountain of knowledge, so use it. The more information you can find out about your potential new home, the better. You want to feel as settled and as happy as possible with your new home. This comes with the peace of mind a property expert can bring to the table. From understanding your lease to protecting your deposit, and all the other details of your tenancy that matter to you. Then you will feel more relaxed in your home when it’s time to snuggle up for the winter.

Rent with support

Property maintenance should never be overlooked. Sometimes renting can lead to tenants finding themselves in a property with a myriad of maintenance issues. Renting through an agent could provide you with the opportunity to choose a fully managed property. This will offer 24/7 maintenance support, meaning issues get addressed quickly. But there is more to a home than maintaining it. Finding a home in the right location so that you are close to the people or the things you love all makes for a happier life.

Enlist the help of a good agent 

It’s certainly not impossible to find a good property independently but using an agent will make it easier. Having a third party that ensures your home is compliant and is just a phone call away has a lot of benefits. A good letting agent will be there to represent you throughout your tenancy. Yes, agents also represent the interests of landlords but because of this, tenants benefit from living in properties of a higher standard, which is ideal for keeping the winter at bay.

Whether you decide to release equity in your home largely depends on your individual circumstances. Whether you are looking to increase the size of your pension pot or simply want to make some home improvements, you have a lot of options. We can’t advise you, but we take a closer look at some of those options.

What is equity release?

Equity is the amount of value you own in your home after you have subtracted any borrowings, such as mortgages on your property. Releasing equity from your home, in the simplest terms, means using some of that value in exchange for cash. There are a number of different ways to release equity depending on your needs.

Ways of releasing equity

Re-mortgaging 

If you are interested in borrowing more money against the value of your home to make home improvements or even for debt consolidation, this may be an option. If you use your existing mortgage provider, then you may be eligible for additional borrowing. This allows you to borrow more money with your current mortgage. This means if your mortgage is on a better rate currently, you may end up paying more interest. On the other hand, you may choose to find a new mortgage provider in order to get a better mortgage interest rate. 

Lifetime mortgages

Aimed at homeowners aged 55+, this type of mortgage allows you to borrow a proportion of your home’s equity. You could do this in one or a series of lump sums, while drawdown allows you to take equity as and when you need it. Interest will then be charged on the amount you borrow, which will be repaid when your home is sold. Most mortgage providers will allow you to repay up to 10% each year on the loan amount you borrow as equity from your home. It’s important to check that the scheme you choose comes with a no-negative equity guarantee in case mounting interest exceeds the value of the property in future years.

Home reversion 

Targeted at homeowners aged 60+ this scheme involves selling part of your home to the lender for a lump sum or an agreed income for a percentage of its market value. For example, you may sell 50% of your home for 30% of what it’s worth. While you can carry on living in the home, you will only receive a percentage of the market value for the share of your home you sell to them. This makes this scheme less popular than a lifetime mortgage due to its costly nature. When the home is sold, the revenue from the sale is divided according to the percentage each party owns, which includes any increases in value. 

Could downsizing be a better move?

If you need to fund your retirement and find yourself in a position where you have too much space, downsizing could be a better option. Most people are not best pleased about taking equity out of their homes. It can be a complicated and confusing process, which could erode any inheritance you leave for loved ones. Most people prefer the idea of owning their homes outright. Moving to a smaller, more energy-efficient property could give you a lump sum to fund your future plans without relinquishing any part of your home ownership. 

Discuss your property options with a good agent 

Sometimes properties themselves can hold the key to new opportunities and the solution to a better future. So, whether you want to downsize and use the profit from selling your old property to start a property portfolio, help family get on the ladder or to retire, it’s worth talking to your agent. Maybe you are making home improvements and want to know how much value you can add to your home. Perhaps you have hatched an ingenious plan that could involve letting part of your property to build a nest egg. Whatever your plans are, it's important to seek the right advice.

Even if you have not found your perfect property yet, you know that you don’t want your move to be a long-drawn-out affair. Having the right team in place to guide you really does make a big difference. So, here’s a few things to bear in mind that could help to speed up the sale of your home.

Create killer kerb appeal

From windows to weed-free paths and a nicely presented front door, your home’s kerb appeal is the face of your home. It’s most likely the first thing your potential buyer will see online and in person. Check the guttering, mow the lawn, and give that area of your home a good brush. It’s often the combined effect of these basics that makes the biggest impact. Don’t forget your garden and other outdoor spaces; they are just as important as any other room in the house.

Good first impressions matter

Making your home look pretty is a surefire way to attract buyers. Arranging furniture in a way that creates a feeling of space will make it more appealing to buyers. Clean, decluttered spaces with small elements of staging show your home’s features off in the best possible light. Set the scene by dressing your home and setting the table nicely or arranging cushions on beds but remember to be subtle.

Ask for the right asking price

Homes that are set at the right price will sell more quickly than homes that need to be reduced later. In fact, if you overprice your home and then reduce the price later, it can put buyers off. Consulting your agent so that you can get the price right in the first place is important. That said, the market is in a good place and many buyers are achieving their asking prices, so leaving room for a little negotiation is not a bad thing.

Choose the right conveyancer 

One of the biggest delays in sales completions can be caused by waiting for your conveyancer or that of your buyers’. Before you move, try and find a good conveyancer; they will handle the legal process of buying your home. While this can take time, some are far more efficient than others.

Place importance on your paperwork

Gas certificates, building control certificates, EPC ratings—any paperwork that you need to progress your sale should be close to hand. Not having the right documentation can slow your home sale or, worse still, put buyers off. If more than one home sale slows in the chain, then delays become compounded. So, it pays to be organised.

Make your home appealing to cash buyers

Whether you are selling to a cash buyer or a buyer who is taking out a mortgage to buy your home, addressing structural issues or repairs can be beneficial. If you are interested in selling as quickly as possible, then pricing your home to make it appealing to cash buyers could significantly speed up your sale.

Communication is key 

Finding a good agent and keeping in touch throughout the selling process will give you a heads up on how best to prepare for the expected and the unexpected. Agents are eager to advise you on preparing your home and can introduce it to buyers from a database of hungry homemovers. They can also recommend good conveyancers, mortgage advisors, and other property professionals that could help speed up your sale.